Background and Purpose: Discharge planning, as a process for the Safe transfer of patients, has always been challenged by the interventions of medical social workers. Identifying these challenges prevents disruptions in effective planning. This research aims to explore the challenges faced by medical social workers in Discharge planning. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted in Iran in 2023. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews with 16 social workers working in hospitals and were manually analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings of this study revealed that hospital social workers encounter structural and professional challenges during Discharge planning. As a result, themes such as professional isolation, erosive environment, back-breaking costs, inefficient structures, and professional pressures were identified, with the main theme being unattended Discharge. Conclusion: The results indicate that social workers in hospitals are faced with poor cooperation and participation, a lack of facilities and equipment, and socio-economic barriers at the community level. They encounter professional challenges in adhering to professional principles and values and in maintaining the quality of social work services in Discharge planning. Given the importance of post-Discharge interventions, organizational, structural, and professional reforms at both the micro and macro levels are recommended.

The treatment of thyroid cancer using an unsealed source of radioactive materials is usually associated with a large amount of 131I. A major problem for hospital admission of these patients is the waste disposal which requires protection of the public. 152 patients with thyroid cancer admitted to the nuclear medicine department of Said Al-Shohada Hospital for 131I treatment was studied. 131I excreted from these patients during isolation was calculated. Exposure from patients were measured using a Victorian 190F survey dosimeter. More than 70 percent of the administered 131I was excreted after 24 hours, 90 percent after 48 hours and 96 percent after 72 hours of isolation. The mean biological half life of 131I in patients with thyroid cancer was found to be 13.9±1.9 hours. There was no significant difference between the mean effective half life in the patients related for the first time and second time at 95 percent significance level. The results of this study showed that the difference in the Discharge rate of 131I from patients with thyroid cancer receiving first and second treatment was not significant. The mean Discharge rate after the first 24 hours was more than 70%, and it was more than 96% after the third 24 hours of drug administration. The results can be used to design Safe collecting and Discharge methods of the wastes.      

2Background and Aim: Hospital social workers as a group of Discharge planners perform effective interventions for the Safe Discharge of patients. The purpose of this research was to investigate the interventions of medical social workers in Safe Discharge of patients. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 2023 in Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a sample of 16 social workers working in public hospitals selected by purposeful, accessible and snowball sampling and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Results: The findings of this research show that hospital social workers implement specialized interventions within a framework of six planning stages with the aim of Safe patient Discharge. The three main themes are: professional intelligence, supportive framework and sustainability of interventions; the main theme of the current research is Safe Discharge. Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that the interventions of social workers for the Safe Discharge of the patients include measures before, during and after the Discharge of a patient, based on the principles, values, intelligence, professional skills and the social work process. Social workers in this field need the support of responsible officials in the health system.

Background and purpose: Nowadays over 153 million women use IUD worldwide as contraception. Long-term durability, high efficacy, and cost effectiveness are advantages of this method.This study compares the side effects and continuation rate of TCu380A and CuSafe (300, +300) IUDs during a 6-month period in Taamine Ejtemaee clinics, Hamadan, Iran.Materials and methods: This was a description study. By using a continued method, 250 candidates applied for IUD were randomly placed in two groups of IUD. The side effects and continuation rate were recorded in the following 1,2,3,6 months. Statistical analysis was performed using Students t-test, fisher and chi-squared test where appropriate. The method for data collection was using some information record whose reliability and validity had been approved by the authorities in the field and after data collection they were analyzed statistically.Results: Vaginal bleeding was the most common consequence during the first month of implantation in both groups, however in months 1, 2, and 6 vaginal bleeding was significantly less prevalent in Cu Safe group. At all intervals Cu Safe users were complained for pain and infection significantly less than that in the TCu380A group. The continuation rate was significantly higher in the 3rd month for Cu Safe users. No other major differences in spontaneous expulsion and contraceptive failure were found between the study groups.Conclusion: According to our findings, the side effects included bleeding; pain, infection and spontaneous expulsion were less incident in Cu Safe users than TCu380A. Therefore, the use of Cu Safe IUD is recommended.

Background: IUD is a useful and effective tool for family planning. Different kinds of this equipment are available at the market, but currently the most commonly used one in our country is CU T380A. Previous studies have shown that CU Safe 300 is more effective and associated with less complications than CU t380A, thus it is more acceptable by users. The aim of this study was to determine and compare failure rate of CU T380A and CU Safe 300 IUDS, four years after insertionMaterials and methods: The present research is a cohort study carried out on 246 women who referred to health clinics of Khorramabad four years ago. These women divided into two equal groups. One group used CU T380A and the other group used CU Safe 300. The rate of unwanted delayed complications such as spontaneous bleeding, pregnancy and spontaneous repelling of the IUDs were assessed by a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi square and paired T test.Results: Failure rate of CU T380A was more than CU Safe 300. Statistical tests showed significant differences between these two groups.Conclusion: This study shows that new IUD (CU Safe 300 ) which are smaller in size have less Failure rate and more acceptable by women, so their use is suggested in health clinics.

Reducing fresh water resources and the quality of water in the agricultural has led to importance of the finding new sources of water for irrigation. In this regard, the use of non-conventional waters is one of the options. Using of drainage water as a non-conventional water source is one of the solutions to solve the water deficiency problem in agriculture. The present study was carried out to evaluate and simulate the quality of the drainage water of the rice fields in the city of Soumatserra, located in the F4 unit of Sefidrud Irrigation and Drainage Network for reuse in irrigation and evacuated to the environment. To investigate the quality of drainage water for Discharge to surface water resources and reuse in irrigation, were measured concentration of nitrate, orthophosphate, ammonium, biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids and acidity in nine points of drainage canal from May-July 2017 and compared with the standards of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Environmental Protection Agency of Iran, Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. The highest concentration of nitrate, orthophosphate, ammonium, and biological oxygen demand were 1. 25, 0. 184, 2. 91 and 89 mg/ l in May and the lowest concentration of dissolved oxygen and the highest concentration of total dissolved solids were 3. 6 and 289 mg/l, in July. Also, the highest and lowest value of pH was 8. 23 in May and 7. 26 in June. Drainage water in terms of nitrate, orthophosphate, total dissolved solids and acidity, according to the mentioned standards was allowed in reuse in irrigation and Discharge to surface water resources. But in terms of dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and ammonium was diagnosed over the limit for reuse in irrigation and Discharge to surface water resources. According to estimation of the pollution load of the drain to the Anzali wetland, it was found that the highest amount of pollution during the sampling period was occurred in May.